Otu Mmadu Otu Mmuo: The Unity of Spirit and Matter in Igbo Cosmology
The idiom Otu Mmadu Otu Mmuo (One Human, One Spirit) beautifully captures the idea of the interconnectedness of the visible and invisible worlds. This phrase embodies the Igbo ancestral understanding that both realms, though seemingly distinct, are ultimately connected and dependent on one another. By exploring the symbolism of numbers (1)(1)-11(1+1=2) and the duality of existence, we can also decode the universal insight and wisdom that lies at the heart of this idiom.
The Duality of Spirit and Matter
Igbo worldview acknowledges the existence of two worlds: the visible world (Uwa Mmadu) and the invisible world (Uwa Mmuo). These two realms are expressions of the same source or power (Otu). While they might appear separate, they are fundamentally one. This duality is not a division but a harmonious interplay where each realm impacts and influences the other.
Uwa Mmadu (The Visible World): This is the world of humans, tangible and perceivable. It represents matter, the physical aspect of existence.
Uwa Mmuo (The Invisible World): This is the spiritual realm, intangible and unseen. It represents spirit, the essence or force that animates matter.
The Igbo saying ‘Icho ajo mmadu ihu ajo mmuo, icho ajo mmuo ihu ajo mmadu’—When you search for an evil person you will find an evil spirit, and when you search for an evil spirit you find an evil person, underscores the idea that the physical and spiritual are not distinct entities but two sides of the same coin. The visible world cannot exist without the invisible world, and the invisible world finds expression through the visible world.
Interdependence and Unity
In Igbo cosmology, there is an understanding of the interdependence between mmadu and mmuo. This interdependence is captured in the idea that:
There can be no mmadu without mmuo: The physical world is sustained by spiritual forces.
There can be no mmuo without mmadu: The spiritual world is given purpose and direction through human existence.
Both realms are powered by one essence (Otu), which emphasizes their unity. This unity is reflected in the phrase Otu Mmadu, Otu Mmuo, meaning "One Human, One Spirit." It reflects the belief that as it is on earth, so it is in heaven, and vice versa. As above so below. This mutual dependence and reflection create a dynamic balance where both realms are constantly in motion, influencing and evolving with each other.
The Symbolism of Numbers: Eleven and Two
Otu (1) mmadu, Otu (1) mmuo - 11 (2). In numerology, eleven is a number of mastery. It signifies intuition, spiritual insight, and the ability to transcend ordinary experiences. Two, on the other hand, represents duality and balance. It is the number of creation and the harmonious coexistence of opposites. Together, these numbers (11:2) symbolize the mastery of duality, the perfect balance between spirit and matter.
The Dance of Progress—Seeking & Receiving
Mmuo (spirit) is constantly moving forward: The spiritual realm seeks to evolve and progress, but in a multidimensional sense it is codependent on the physical realm for that evolution.
Mmadu (humanity) is constantly moving backward: Humans look to their origins, history, and ancestral wisdom to progress and fulfill their purpose.
This movement and codependence of the past and the future creates a meeting point in the present, where spirit and matter converge to fulfill life's purpose. It is in this present moment that we can always find the balance and harmony needed to embrace the essence of life. The dynamic interplay between spirit (mmuo) and matter (mmadu) is further illustrated by the principles of asking and receiving:
When we ask, we reach backwards (inward): Humans seek wisdom, guidance, and support from the spiritual realm.
When we receive, spirit reaches forward (outward): The spiritual realm responds, provides insights, inspiration, and blessings.
This pattern mirrors the principle of seeking and finding. Humans seek understanding from the past and the spiritual realm, while the spirit seeks to manifest in the present through human actions. This reciprocal relationship underscores the unity and co-dependence of both realms.
Timeless Wisdom
The saying - Onwero onye obuna ga-abu mmadu Agwu aha-ama: There is no one who can become a fulfilled person that will not be influenced by spirit, reflects the Igbo understanding that all knowledge and wisdom come from the divine. We are the culmination of an eternal spectrum - Otu Mmadu, Otu Mmuo, embodies both the beginning (spirit) and the end (matter). This timeless wisdom emphasizes that everything is one and the same (Otu).
Final Thoughts
Otu Mmadu Otu Mmuo beautifully captures the Igbo philosophy of unity and interdependence between the physical and spiritual realms. By recognizing the interplay of spirit and matter, we can gain a deeper understanding of our purpose and place in the universe. We can also honor the eternal connection between our physical lives and the spiritual forces that sustain us.
